沿海上升流引起水柱中温度、盐度和无机营养物质的变化，从而导致微生物种群及其代谢活动的变化。以海南东部上升流(EHU)对氨氧化古菌(AOA)基因的影响为研究对象，采用焦磷酸测序和定量PCR技术，在DNA和cDNA水平上研究氨氧化古菌(AOA)基因，并用15n标记铵测定氨氧化(AO)速率。通过比较有上升流影响和没有上升流影响的站点，我们发现沿海上升流与amoA基因丰度的增加、AOA群落在各自基因和转录水平上的不同支系的优势，以及类scm1(类Nitrosopumilus maritimus)集群比例的大幅增加有关。在更深的水域(~25m)， AO率普遍较高，在转录水平上与簇水柱A (WCA)的比例呈不显著正相关，表明该簇对氨原位氧化有潜在的贡献。研究表明，沿海上升流对AOA群落和氨氧化速率有显著影响;因此，在今后评价全球氮收支和生物地球化学氮循环时，应考虑这一物理强迫。

  Coastal upwelling causes variations in temperature, salinity and inorganic nutrients in the water column, consequently leading to the shift of microbial populations and their metabolic activ ities. Impacts of the eastern Hainan upwelling (EHU) on the ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) were investigated based on the amoA gene using pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR at both DNA and cDNA levels, together with the determination of the ammonia oxidation (AO) rate measured with 15N-labelled ammonium. By comparing stations with and without upwelling influence, we found that coastal upwelling correlated with an increase in amoA gene abundance, the dominance of distinct clades for AOA communities at the respective gene and transcript levels, and a large increase in the proportion of the SCM1-like (Nitrosopumilus maritimus-like) cluster as well. The AO rates were generally higher in the deeper water (~25 m), which was in significant positive correla tion with the proportion of cluster Water Column A (WCA) at the transcript level, indicating the potential contribution of this cluster to in situ ammonia oxidization. Our study demonstrated that coastal upwelling had a significant impact on the AOA community and ammonia oxidization rate; therefore, this physical forcing should be considered in the future assessment of the global nitrogen budgets and biogeochemical nitrogen cycles.